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Coral reefs are often called the "rainforests of the sea" due to their incredible biodiversity. underwater ecosystems are built tiny called polyps, which form large colonies. provide a critical habitat for approximately -five of all species, including , mollusks, crustaceans. Reefs also protect coastlines from storms and erosion by absorbing wave energy. The complex structures they create serve as shelter, feeding grounds, and breeding areas for countless organisms.