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A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planet, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. can be and destructive, but also create new landforms islands mountains. Geologists volcanoes active, , or extinct on eruption history. The study of volcanoes helps scientists understand the planet's internal processes. Despite the danger, volcanic soil is very fertile, attracting agricultural communities to these regions.