Read an Academic Passage

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Printing Press and Knowledge Transformation

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A) The printing press primarily strengthened government control over information.

B) Economic growth in European cities depended only on religious reform.

C) The printing press changed knowledge production and had complex social consequences.

D) Manuscript culture remained more influential than printed materials.

2. The word "[[paradigm]]" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A) a fundamental model or framework

B) a small printing device

C) a traditional religious belief

D) a political censorship law

3. Why does the author mention literacy records and economic studies in paragraph 1?

A) To show that manuscript copying remained common in rural regions

B) To criticize the cost of early printed books

C) To provide evidence that printing influenced education and urban development

D) To argue that literacy declined after printing became widespread

4. All of the following are mentioned as effects of printed materials EXCEPT

A) expansion of intellectual communities

B) increased reliance on oral traditions

C) standardization of terminology

D) spread of diverse scientific ideas

5. What is the relationship between paragraphs 2 and 3?

A) Paragraph 3 repeats only the economic evidence described earlier.

B) Paragraph 3 introduces unrelated political events from a later period.

C) Paragraph 3 focuses on technological design details ignored previously.

D) Paragraph 3 discusses challenges and reactions to the information expansion explained in paragraph 2.

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