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Listen to an Academic Talk Test #013
Listen to an Academic Talk
1. What is the talk mainly about?
A) The different types of bacteria in water
B) The process that creates hot springs
C) The uses of geothermal energy
D) The geology of national parks
2. According to the professor, what gives hot springs their colors?
A) Minerals dissolved in the water
B) The reflection of sunlight
C) Heat-loving microorganisms
D) Chemical reactions with the air
3. What can be inferred about the water that emerges from a hot spring?
A) It is identical to normal rainwater
B) It has traveled a long way underground
C) It is usually safe for humans to touch
D) It cools down very quickly on the surface
4. Why does the professor mention Yellowstone?
A) To describe the largest hot spring in the world
B) To give a famous example of colorful springs
C) To explain how magma reservoirs are formed
D) To contrast different types of rock formations
Professor: Many of you have probably seen pictures of geothermal hot springs, with their steaming water and vibrant colors. But how are they actually formed? It all begins with groundwater—rain or snowmelt—that seeps deep into the earth's crust through cracks and fissures.
As it goes deeper, the water gets heated by reservoirs of magma, or hot rock. This heated water becomes less dense and more buoyant, causing it to rise back to the surface.
As the hot water travels up, it dissolves minerals from the surrounding rock. When the water emerges, these minerals get deposited, creating the unique formations you see.
The amazing colors, like those in Yellowstone, are not from the minerals themselves but from different species of thermophilic bacteria, which are microbes that thrive in extreme heat and feed on the minerals.
As it goes deeper, the water gets heated by reservoirs of magma, or hot rock. This heated water becomes less dense and more buoyant, causing it to rise back to the surface.
As the hot water travels up, it dissolves minerals from the surrounding rock. When the water emerges, these minerals get deposited, creating the unique formations you see.
The amazing colors, like those in Yellowstone, are not from the minerals themselves but from different species of thermophilic bacteria, which are microbes that thrive in extreme heat and feed on the minerals.
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