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Coral reefs are often called the "rainforests of the sea" due to their incredible biodiversity. underwater are built by of animals called coral polyps secrete a calcium skeleton. Reefs provide a habitat for 25 percent all marine species, including fish, mollusks, sponges. They also protect coastlines from storms and erosion by absorbing wave energy. The health of these fragile ecosystems is vital for both marine life and human communities that depend on them.