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Coral reefs are often called the "rainforests of the sea" due to their incredible biodiversity. underwater ecosystems built by of tiny called polyps secrete calcium to form a hard skeleton. thrive warm, shallow, and clear tropical waters and approximately 25% of all marine species. Reefs provide food and shelter for a vast array of fish, invertebrates, and other organisms. They also protect coastlines from storms and erosion by acting as natural barriers that absorb wave energy.