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Photosynthesis is the fundamental process used by plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy. this process, capture sunlight and use it transform , carbon dioxide, and minerals oxygen and -rich compounds. This reaction primarily occurs in chloroplasts, which the pigment chlorophyll. The oxygen released as a byproduct is essential for the survival of most animals, including humans. Essentially, photosynthesis sustains nearly all life on Earth by providing the foundation of the food chain.