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Coral reefs are often called the "rainforests of the sea" due to their incredible biodiversity. underwater are by of animals called coral polyps. thrive in warm, shallow, clear ocean , mostly tropical . Reefs provide a vital habitat for about a quarter of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. They also protect coastlines from storms and erosion, making them critical ecosystems for both marine life and human communities.