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Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" due to their immense biodiversity. are built by colonies of tiny animals coral polyps, which secrete carbonate form a hard skeleton. structures provide and food for a of all marine species, including , mollusks, crustaceans. Reefs also protect coastlines from storms and erosion by absorbing wave energy. The health of these vibrant ecosystems is a critical indicator of the overall condition of the world's oceans.